Did I Save These Images?

Saving Or Ruining film Images In Post Processing

While visiting the Palacio de Cristal in Retiro Park in Madrid, Spain, in 2019 I made several images with my Leica M4 and Delta 400 film.

The Leica at that moment was quite new to me - I purchased it just a month before in South Africa - and working with an external light meter or guessing my exposure settings with the sunny-16 rule was not something I was very much used to yet.

As a consequence, several images turned out to be quite under-exposed. Resulting in thin and grainy negatives, which showed clearly in the scans I got back from the lab.

I played around with the digital versions of these images, first in Lightroom and later in the 2019 version of ON1 I, but never really to my satisfaction.

We are in 2024 now, and ON1 got some major and interesting upgrades, including Brilliance AI and an updated version of their NoNoiseAI and TackSharpAI tools.

This encouraged me to revisit these images and put them through the ON1 works.

And to be honest: I like the results. While I admit they absolutely have a very processed look to them now, to my opinion this has created a look that pleases my eye: very clean, very slick, almost graphic.

I wonder what you think of this: did I manage to save these images, or did I only make a bad (underexposed and grainy) photo worse in another way?

The Case For Film

Will Artificial Intelligence aid the revival of film photography?

Since the inception of photography, photographers have manipulated images to show something different from what they initially captured when pushing the shutter button.

And since Niépce created the first photographic image, the evolution of technology has made it increasingly easy for us to change the original image.

Initially, photographers could only do this in the wet darkroom, with techniques like dodging and burning, hiding parts of the negative or stacking negatives.

Now, in the digital age, after scanning a negative or working directly with a file from a digital camera, photographers can easily remove or add objects, change colors, distort images, add filters to create specific moods, and make a multitude of other changes to the original image.

And while digital photo editing tools have been around for several decades, the latest development in image creation and manipulation is a total game changer: text-to-image Artificial Intelligence (AI).

AI can do more than manipulate an image: it can create a photo without needing an actual subject, using program instructions (not totally accurate, of course: text-to-image AI uses databases with millions of images made of real objects or people).

While still in its infancy, developments are going extremely fast, and we already see AI being used to create photo-like images of portraits, landscapes, food, and pictures in the style of the old masters of painting.

Since photographers using Photoshop already led to controversies, AI has the potential for even more debate.

 What images can we trust?

Digital photography increased the challenge of answering this question because digital photos don't exist: they are only a bunch of specifically arranged zeroes and ones. Not even that: they are bits stored in a magnetic region on a disk or as electrical charges on an SSD.

And while we can ask the trust question regarding any photo altered with editing software, the use of AI to create images out-of-thin-air makes this question even more critical.

Digital photography, as I pointed out in a previous article, still needs a subject that reflects, absorbs, or blocks light to create a picture. Therefore, we still would have that subject against which we can check the 'truthfulness' of the created image. With AI, we don't even have that.

We are entirely at the mercy of the binary gods.

It is probably not without reason that image fact-checking is now a common practice on social media and other communication channels.

Photos created on film, in stark contrast, are tangible from the start.

A roll of film base with a light-sensitive emulsion is exposed to light and then chemically developed, creating a negative film strip you can hold in your hand! And while it is possible to alter that negative (e.g., with markers or acid), it would bear clear evidence.

Therefore, any final image that starts on film, whether printed in a wet darkroom or scanned and edited with photo editing software, is backed up by a negative that provides tangible proof of the image as the photographer initially captured it.

Consequently, I can see the revival of film photography, which has been going on for several years now, becoming even more vital for specific genres. Especially with people for whom the image's truthfulness is critical:

• Crime and other photography that needs 100% proof of not being manipulated;

• Documentary photography and news photography;

• Art collectors;

• Museums and students: to see what the original image was and what the photographer has edited to achieve his vision or message.

Will artists, and other professional and hobby photographers, now flock in swarms back to film photography?

I don't think so.

Digital photography is too far evolved and has too many positive aspects: going back to film will not be practical from a workflow perspective for most photographers.

And while I don't use it, AI, the newest member of the image creation family, is, in my opinion, an excellent development. It is a new tool that has its rightful place in the complete range of visual arts.

Entirely digital art also has found its place in the photography and public art world: look only at the fact that NFTs achieve (sometimes extremely) high price points.

However, like the written proof of authenticity that photographers add to their prints, the tangible film negative could become the new proof of authenticity for those photos that require it.

And as such, the increased digitization of art through AI could be an additional stimulus for photographers in specific genres to go back to film.

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Madrileñas

Madrid, Spain | Plaza Platería de Martinez | August 2019

Something that always strikes me in Spain is the strong and articulated women.

Irrespective of social status or age, they are Present, with a capital P.

After a stroll through Madrid's famous National Botanical Garden, my wife and I decided we earned some tapas and a refreshing drink. Since it was summer, most bars and restaurants had tables outside on the street, and we quickly found one near the botanical garden and the Prado museum.

While getting seated, I could not ignore these three ladies sitting at a table next to ours.

They were involved in deep conversation. One of the ladies passionately articulated her thoughts on a particular topic, while the other two listened with great attention.

I would have loved to eavesdrop to hear what they were so animated talking about, but that is not something one does. Also, my Spanish is not so good that I could fully understand what she said.

HOWEVER, what I could do was take my trustworthy Leica M4 and seize an image of this beautiful trio.

This photo might not capture a 'decisive moment', but, as I explained previously, street photography is not always about the decisive moment and is far more.

This image, for me, represents a typical situation that someone easily can encounter in Madrid. Or in any town and city of Spain.

Three ladies are having a great afternoon, enjoying some food and drinks and discussing current events, maybe talking about global wars and inflation, or gossiping about the new girlfriend of one of their sons.

Not The Decisive Moment

Image courtesy and copyright Amei Manten

Street Photography Is Social Documentary Photography

Writing last week's blog posts about the book Lost London: 1870-1945 made me realize that there is an easily overlooked aspect of street photography.

Every street photographer wants to capture a specific moment and create that 'one' image that will enthuse the world. With Olympians like Henri Cartier-Bresson, Vivian Mayer, Elliot Erwitt, and so many others as examples, we street photographers try to emulate their vision, their images, and their success.

But street photography is so much more, and street images can mean much more to our audience.

Street photography is not and does not always have to be about the decisive moment.

The images in Lost London: 1970-1945 made me realize that there is so much more to these pictures than the decisive moment. These images capture a particular place during a specific time that has a special meaning for contemporary viewers.

Allow me to explain this with an example of an image not related to the book.

Image courtesy and copyright Amei Manten

Recently I posted an image from the small village my wife and I grew up in on Facebook. My then-girlfriend, now wife, created the picture in the mid-1980s as part of a photography assignment while studying at the University of Leiden (the Netherlands).

It is quite an ordinary image: a village street with a woman.

However, posting this image on Facebook had a surprising result. Numerous people commented on the street and the buildings, with many trying to figure out who the woman in the picture was.

This result and the images from the book Lost London: 1870-1945 made me realize that street photography always is a form of social documentary photography. With or without a decisive moment captured, street images provide contemporary viewers and later generations insights into our environment's current state; it captures the Zeitgeist.

Image courtesy and copyright Amei Manten

The look of the streets, the buildings that may change or totally disappear in the future, the people, the clothes they wear, their occupation, and other details of daily life we at this moment take for granted but will be of interest later.

This realization gave me a feeling of calmness.

I no longer have that unsatisfied urge to hunt or fish for the decisive moment when creating street images. Instead, I am more aware of my surroundings and what my image might mean to future viewers. Maybe they lived in this specific area I am capturing; perhaps I captured one of their family members in my frame.

Street photography, for me, now is more about capturing the current state, and it's not only about the decisive moment.

I still will look out for it, and if and when I capture such a moment: outstanding, excellent! But, if not, I move on with the knowledge that at least I captured something from which future viewers can learn how the world looked today.

Book Review: Lost London 1870-1945 by Philip Davies

How A Photo Book With Old Images Impacted My Photography

Introduction

I was lucky enough to stumble upon this book while browsing the bargains area of Barnes & Noble.

It is a photo book with old images from London, United Kingdom, taken between 1870 and 1945, providing a unique insight into how the city and its inhabitants looked during those years.

Philip Davies has curated the images in the book, an architectural historian who - from 2005 to 2011 was the Planning and Development Director for London and South-East England at English Heritage.

From the dust jacket: "Lost London 1870-1945 is a spectacular collection of more than 500 of the best images from the formor London County Council archive of photographs... Most have been never published before. Taken to rovide a unique recored of whole districts of London as they were vanisching, each of the photographs is a full-plate image, a stunning work of art in its own right."

• Published: 2009

• Publisher: Transatlantic Press

• ISBN: 978-0-9557949-8-8

• Size: 11 6/8" x 9 7/8" x 1 1/2"

• Available on Amazon and eBay

Review

The book has 14 sections, with the photo sections arranged according to period and city areas:

• Foreword by HRH The Duke of Gloucester

• Author's Note

• Introduction - The Lost City - Images of London 1870-1945

• Chapter One - Urban Penumbra - The City fringe

• Chapter Two - Engine of Commerce - The City of London

• Chapter Three - Between Two Cities - Holborn and Strand

• Chapter Four - Imperial Capital - Westminster and the West End

• Chapter Five - City Of Dreadful Night - The East End

• Chapter Six - London-Over-The-Water - South London

• Chapter Seven - Urban Villages - Villas and leafy gardens

• Chapter Eight - Zenith 1918-39 - Sovereign of cities

• Chapter Nine - Catastrophe 1940-1945 - A city in ruins

• Index

• Acknowledgements

The first thing that struck me was that the quality of the images is remarkable. They have great detail and excellent tonality. We only wish future generations can view our currently mainly electronically created images with the same quality after one or two hundred years.

Lost London 1870-1945, page 71

The book also provides a great history of photography in London in its Introduction. Not only its 'why' but also its 'how.'

"Photography was not easy in London. Henry Dixon recorded how he had to obtain a photograph in a crowded street by removing a wheel from a wagon, and while his assistant pretended to mend it, he photographed his subject from under the canvas." [pp. 24-25]

The images also show how the photographers had to work the light to create their photos: look at how buildings in the background are over-exposed due to the exposure time needed for foreground objects.

Lost London 1870-1945, page 23

The book's main objective is to create a sense of urgency with the viewers of the importance of preserving architectural gems. To paraphrase from the Foreword: This kind of photography emphasizes the task of English Heritage (and similar organizations in other countries!) to preserve the best of historic buildings, help the general public understand why they should be kept, and increase the understanding of the significance of these buildings for our history.

For me, however, the value and importance of the book and the photographs go far further than this. The images of the streets, buildings, and people provide us with a unique insight into how people lived during the period covered by the book. It is a true social documentary trove and "Spanning a period of 75 years from the mid 1870s to 1945, [the photographs] depict a world in transition." [p. 9]

"Some of the physical impacts of these profound changes can be seen in these photographs - the arrival of tramlines, the progressive replacement of horse-drawn vehicles by motor cars,..." [p. 27]

Lost London 1870-1945, pages 202-203

While Davies, in his Introduction, does a great job to explain the importance of the images from an architectural history perspective and while he provides us with a socio-economic reference frame for the period covered, it is the images themselves that tell that story best.

"As primary sources of historical evidence, [the photographs] are by their very nature impartial, and bear witness to past places or events, undistorted by the interpretation of their creator." [p. 9]

One of my first reactions was Eugene Atget coming to mind when first browsing through the images: the streets, sometimes with and sometimes without people. Important in that context is that "[The images] have been selected to show the commonplace rather than the great-set pieces,....which conveys so vividly the actual feel of London as it then was..." [p. 9] and they are "important documents of social and topographical history,..." [p. 9]

Lost London 1870-1945, page 69

Consequently, I dare say that Davies did for the multiple photographers whose images he used in the book what Berenice Abbott did for Eugène Atget.

Other images reminded me of Lewis Hine with their harsh directness and focus.

Lost London 1870-1945, page 14

Conclusion and Recommendation

This book is a monumental document about one of the world's great cities and about the photographers who documented the changes in London over 75 years.

It provides a unique, intimate insight into the status of London's buildings and streets and the lives of its inhabitants.

In conclusion, this is a remarkable document, and it has very much influenced my view about street and social documentary photography. Creating images of the places I visit, I also try as much as possible to have my photographs as impartial and undistorted by my interpretation of the scenes I observe as possible.

---

In Focus: Bargain Found

The Joy Of Finding A Bargain At A Madrid Market

Background Story

This image was created during a stroll in sunny Madrid, Spain, in August 2019.

I used my home leave from my assignment to South Africa to spend a week in Madrid with my wife, prior to traveling on to The Hague, the Netherlands, for some time with my youngest daughter.

Madrid has an abundance of squares (plazas), shopping streets, small back alleys, and parks to explore. The weather was great that week and we enjoyed a couple of days strolling through the beautiful capital of Spain.

That particular day we visited several open-air street markets, where a large diversity of goods was being sold. Fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, musical instruments, potter, leatherware, shoes, t-shirts, artisan bread, cheese, handheld fans, bags, tools; you name it, they sold it. And fabrics of course.

A fabrics stall at a market is always interesting to observe. Often the merchandise is just laying on a table or on the ground, and prospective buyers are picking it up, holding it to the light, and showing it to each other to determine if it is the right quality, size, and color for whatever they are creating at home.

And always there is this hope to find a real bargain.

As you can imagine, this creates numerous situations to make a photo. And this was just the right one for me.

How It Was Made

Only a couple of weeks earlier I was fortunate to purchase a just CLA’d Leica M4 and a Summaron 35mm f/2.8 lens for a very reasonable price. And since my wife brought my Voigtländer VCII lightmeter from home, I was experimenting with the camera, lens, lightmeter combination.

As you will know by now, I love black and white images and I had my favorite film, Ilford Delta 400, loaded.

Why It Works

The subject matter of this image is right up my alley: the busyness of the market, people interacting with each other, and the play of light and shadows.

The main subject is formed by the two hugging women in the center of the frame.

The pile of fabric and the piece held up by the lady to the left create a nice diagonal, leading the viewer’s eye through the composition.

The small tree and its support to the right and the larger tree to the left frame the main subjects of the image, while at the same time creating sub-frames for other points of interest: see the walking man perfectly framed by the small tree and the wooden support? This was a nice bonus that I only discovered after getting the film back from the lab.

As always, the light plays a major factor in making this image work for me. The harsh sunlight to the left and right of the group of women, with the shadows on the street in the foreground and the dark leaves of the trees, provides an additional frame for the main subject.

All parts work together to create several frames around the center of the image, focusing the view towards the two women in the center.

How Can This Image Be Used

There are several ways to use an image like this in a commercial setting.

There might be a hotel nearby that can use this image to show their guests the area they are located at, and how close they are to classical Madrid markets.

And the City of Madrid could use it to show prospective visitors its relaxed but lively street life and market culture, ideally for tourists who want to experience the real Spanish.

Although countries and cities are opening up after what hopefully was the worst of the Covid-19 / Coronavirus impact it might be a while until we can strolling the markets of Madrid again. Until then, images like this one will remind us of the better times to come.